β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pure NMN Powder Supplemental Nutrition

Product Description

NMN-SGS TEST REPORT.PDF

β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pure NMN Powder Supplemental Nutrition

Product Introduction of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide is one of the intrinsic substances in the human body and plays an important role in the energy production of human cells. It is involved in the synthesis of intracellular NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an important coenzyme in cellular energy transformation) and plays a key role in cellular energy metabolism. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide is currently being tested in human clinical trials for its anti-ageing effects and safety. Studies have also shown that β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide can also play a regulatory role in insulin secretion and has an effect on mRNA expression levels, so it has a wide range of applications in the field of medical therapy.

β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Distribution in Organs
The synthases and depleting enzymes of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide are also tissue specific: NMN is widely distributed throughout the body in tissues and organs and is present in a wide range of cells from embryonic development onwards. Little is known about the metabolism and biodistribution of NAD+ precursors in various tissues and cells, in contrast to the expression of the NMN synthases NAMPT and NRKs, and the NMN depleting enzymes NMNATs.
1. NAMPT
NAMPT is ubiquitous in vivo, but there are large differences in expression levels between tissues. In brain and heart, it's dependent remediation pathway is the preferred mode of NAD+ production; whereas in skeletal muscle, the NRK-dependent remediation pathway is the preferred mode of NAD+ production.
2. NMNATs(NMN Enzyme consumption)
The metabolic profile of mouse tissues showed that the activity of NMNAT isoforms was much higher than that of NAMPT, and the activity of NMNAT isoforms was unrestricted in most tissues, except for blood.
3. NRKs
Expression analysis of NRK isoforms suggests that NRK1 is ubiquitous, whereas NRK2 is predominantly found in skeletal muscle. Consistent with this, chronic NR supplementation caused increased NAD+ levels in muscle, but little effect in brain or white adipose tissue.

Certiicate of Analysis

How does β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide enter your cells?
β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide has membrane transporters on the surface of some cells that directly translocate NMN into the cell, so β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide has two modes of entry into the cell.

1. Direct entry into cells via transporters: In early 2019, the idea was confirmed by a paper in nature metabolism, which found the presence of an NMN-specific transporter in the mouse small intestine called Slc12a8, an amino acid and polyamine transporter that is highly selective for NMN and does not transport NaMN, which is structurally very similar to NMN.
2. Enters the cell via dephosphorylation of CD73 on the cell membrane surface to NR (via the equilibrium nucleoside transporter protein ENTs), which is subsequently catalyzed by the cytoplasmic NRK enzyme to NMN and is utilized in the mitochondria (no NRK in mitochondria).
NAM is both a precursor to NMN and a product of NAD+ hydrolysis by the NADase activity depletion pathway CD38. Thus the synthesis, utilisation and regeneration of NAD+ is an cycle involving the intracellular and extracellular.NMN/NR→NAD+→NAM→NMN